中国地方政府竞争与制度变迁1

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BEIJING, June 2 (Xinhua) -- Representatives from the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the ruling United Russia Party met Tuesday to exchange views on the international financial crisis.     "This is the first official and high-level dialogue between the Chinese and Russian ruling parties," said Wang Jiarui, head of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee of his meeting with United Russia Party's council presidium secretary Vyacheslav Volodin.     Wang and Volodin signed an agreement on party-to-party cooperation on later Tuesday. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping attended the signing ceremony.     Xi hailed the Sino-Russian relationship when meeting with Volodin before the ceremony, saying that China would work with Russia to promote stable and healthy growth of the ties, in a bid to benefit the two nations and peoples. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R) meets with Vyacheslav Volodin, vice chairman of the Russian State Duma, in Beijing, capital of China, June 2, 2009    Volodin, and vice-chairman of the Russian State Duma, said his party valued the cooperation with the CPC.     Volodin and his delegation were here on a visit from May 31 to June 3 at the invitation of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee.

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BEIJING, April 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang has called for stepped-up recycling to achieve better use of resources.     Li made the comments during a visit to pilot enterprises Thursday. He also attended a forum on the development of recycling economy.     Li emphasized the importance of recycling and urged companies to cultivate new areas of economic growth, as the global financial crisis still weighed on the real economy. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (2nd R Front) listens to an official of Shenhua Group Company introducing how to realize the development of the recycling economy in Beijing, capital of China, April 23, 2009. Promoting recycling would not only improve the use of resources and protect the environment, it would also help companies become more profitable, he said.     Enterprises should employ advanced technology and equipment and improve their management to achieve the most efficient use of resources with the lowest level of pollution and wastes, he said.     Li stressed technological progress and innovation, especially in key industries and major enterprises, and called for increased investment to support the development of recycling.     From late April to August, about 100 academicians, experts and work staff would be sent to companies and grassroots units nationwide to do research and provide guidance on recycling.

BEIJING, July 13 (Xinhua) -- China's Ministry of Finance announced Monday that the country's fiscal revenue in June rose 19.6 percent year on year to 686.75 billion yuan (100.5 billion U.S. dollars).     However, in the first half of this year, fiscal revenue fell 2.4 percent to 3.398 trillion yuan, said the ministry in a statement on its website.     The growth rate last month was 14.8 percentage points higher than the growth rate in May. Fiscal revenue fell 9.9 percent in the first four months this year from a year earlier to 2.05 trillion yuan due to shrinking business profits hit by the global economic slowdown and active fiscal policies including tax cuts to buoy domestic economic growth.     The ministry attributed the revenue rise in June to the stabilization of overall economic performance, growing business profits and the increase in the cigarette tax.     The government announced on June 20 the tax on cigarette cartons costing 70 yuan or more would rise to 56 percent from 45 percent, and the tax on cigarette cartons costing less than 70 yuan would rise from 30 to 36 percent.     Sales tax revenues rose 63.1 percent year on year in June, with business tax revenues edging up 6.4 percent, but the ministry did not specify the figures.     In June, China's fiscal expenditure increased 21.5 percent to 640.56 billion yuan from a year earlier. From January to June, the figure stood at 2.89 trillion yuan, up 26.3 percent from the same period last year.     The government unveiled a 4-trillion-yuan stimulus package in November last year to be spent over the next two years to shore up the world's third largest economy, with 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government.     Fiscal revenue includes taxes as well as administrative fees and other government income, such as fines and income from state-owned assets.

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BEIJING, April 27 -- The yuan will remain stable against the U.S. dollar as China will take a cautious and stable position in its foreign exchange investment.     The Chinese currency gained against the US dollar in the past week and ended at 6.8273 last Friday, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trade System. The yuan closed at 6.8311 by the end of the previous week.     China will continue its policy of diversifying its huge amount of foreign exchange reserves, the currency regulator said last Friday.     Hu Xiaolian, head of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, told Xinhua news agency that it will stick to major currencies and high-quality assets in its foreign exchange investments.     China's overseas earnings hit 82.5 billion U.S. dollars in the past year, an 8-percent rise from a year earlier, according to data released by the administration last Friday.     Hu also noted the positive outlook of China's economy has lessened concerns over a depreciation in the yuan.

BEIJING, June 12 (Xinhua) -- China's joint prevention and control tactic has been proved to be powerful, orderly and effective in fighting the spreading of A/H1N1 virus, said Vice-Premier Li Keqiang while he presided over a conference on the issue Friday.     The tactic has helped the nation win time and initiative in the efforts to deal with the epidemic, which has protected the people's health rights, reduced its impacts on economy and society in a maximal way, and provided favorable conditions for the country's development, said the official, who is also member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau. Li conveyed the instructions of Hu Jintao, state president and general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, and Premier Wen Jiabao on the issue. He said the situation of the epidemic has been under control in the country. Chinese Vice-Premier Li Keqiang (C), who is also member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau, presides over a conference on China's joint prevention and control tactic of fighting the spreading of A/H1N1 virus, in Beijing, capital of China, June 12, 2009.    He called for seriously implementing the decisions and arrangement of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and adopting countermeasures that are compatible to China's realities.     "Persist on and improve preventive and controlling measures that have been proven effective and do a good job in the preventive and controlling work in a scientific, open and transparent way in accordance with law, so as to ensure people's health and normal production and life, and maintain social harmony and stability," he said.     The official praised the hard efforts and outstanding contribution made by Chinese quarantine officers and medical workers in the prevention and control of the epidemic. The patients found in China have mostly come from abroad and the majority of them are minor cases that have been cured in a relatively short time, he noted.     While the epidemic situation is developing outside of the country and the WHO has raised its flu alert to the highest level, the number of imported flu cases has increased relatively quickly over the past few days, according to the official.     China will try to minimize the number of locally transmitted cases, prevent the spreading of the virus in communities, increase the abilities of handling seriously ill patients, and speed up the pace of studying and producing the vaccine, in order to prepare for future changes of the epidemic, Li said.     Ma Kai, state councilor and secretary general of the State Council, attended the meeting.

BEIJING, April 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, an avid reader, encouraged citizens to read more and be studious and selective in their reading on World Reading Day, which fell on Thursday.     Wen made the remarks when visiting a branch of the Commercial Press and the National Library in Beijing Thursday.     Books are the crystallization of human wisdom and reading is important in promoting an individual's accomplishments and state of mind, improving citizens' quality and strength, and shaping a country's future, he said when visiting the National Library. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd R) views a treasure collected by the National Library in Beijing, capital of China, April 23, 2009. Premier Wen visited the National Library and the Commercial Press on April 23, the World Book and Copyright DayThere's no hope for individuals and the nation if citizens do not read, he said.     When talking to the young people in the library, Wen said people should find time to read.     An individual could at least spare half an hour reading about three to four pages, and hence reading more than one hundred pages in a month and several books in a year, he said.     He said the promotion of reading was significant amid an unprecedented global financial crisis. Overcoming this crisis requires not only material power, but also spiritual power.     He said fundamentally, it needs people, the power of knowledge and scientific and technological revolution to conquer this financial crisis. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd R Front) shakes hands with a staff member of the Commercial Press in Beijing, capital of China, April 23, 2009. Premier Wen visited the National Library and the Commercial Press on April 23, the World Book and Copyright Day. Reading warm people's hearts and boost their confidence, he said.     He also advised readers to be selective, choosing books from insightful writers and those that were well-written, as well as those that had stood the test of time.     Books can not change the world, but people change the world by changing themselves through reading, he said.     He said he would love to see every passenger holding a book on hand when riding subways.     "I always believe that knowledge gives people not only strength, but also security and happiness," he said.     When visiting a branch store of the Commercial Press, Wen spoke highly of the role of publication.     Without the publishing sector, culture cannot be inherited, scientific exploration would be halted and the historical records would not exist, he said.     He also urged efforts to publish more classical works.     A good book requires the writers to have rich experience, insightful minds and noble languages, and editors with strong sense of social responsibility and a working style of preciseness, he said.     When talking to the English editors of the press, he said the Chinese publishers should not only take the role of promoting the construction of Chinese civilization, but also help spread the world's civilizations.     Wen is fond of reading and has often quoted Chinese poets and proverbs during press conferences. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C Front) views a treasure collected by the National Library in Beijing, capital of China, April 23, 2009. Premier Wen visited the National Library and the Commercial Press on April 23, the World Book and Copyright Day

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BEIJING, May 23 (Xinhua) -- China unveiled Saturday credit rating standards for the sovereignty entity of a central government, the first sovereign credit rating standards in China, aiming broader participation in global credit rating.     The standards were announced by Dagong Global Credit Rating Co., Ltd, one of the first domestic rating agencies in China.     The sovereign credit rating standards would be able to evaluate the willingness and ability of a central government to repay its commercial financial debts as stipulated in contracts, said the company.     The rating results could reflect the relative possibility of a central government to default as a debtor, and the rating is based on the country's overall credit value, according to Dagong.     Elements of credit risks will include the country's political environment, economic power, fiscal status, foreign debt and liquidity, said the company, adding that it judges the credit of a sovereign entity on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation of its fiscal strength and foreign reserves.     Compared with other rating agencies, Dagong pays more attention to the different economic stage of each country, and examines the features of its credit risks in a holistic and systematic view, according to Dagong.     Jiang Yong, director of the Center for Economic Security Studies under the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, said the financial crisis exposed a risk of the international society relying solely on the credit rating institutions of a single country, which is the largest risk of the world economy.     Luo Ping, head of the training center under China Banking Regulatory Commission, said the launch of the sovereign credit rating standards would help improve the transparency of credit rating information, and would strengthen China's position in the international financial arena.

ROME, July 10 (Xinhua) -- China is set to become a global leader in the implementation of environmental-friendly policies and green technologies to tackle climate change, an Italian expert told Xinhua in a recent interview.     For Stefano Pogutz, an environmental management professor at Bocconi University in Milan, China's green-policies investment plans are greater than those carried-out in the United States and in many other industrialized countries.     "What China is doing to tackle global warming is impressive considering the density of Chinese population and the rapid economic growth model China is following," Pogutz said.     Climate change is at the core of the G8 summit held in L'Aquila from Wednesday to Friday. Talks had focused on the need to forge anew post-Kyoto agreement and to increase research and investments in the green economy.     The results of the G8 summit on climate change should pave the way to the United Nations meeting in Copenhagen in December, which aims at sealing a global deal to limit greenhouse gas emissions.     According to the UN climate change framework agreement and the Kyoto protocol, China is not subject to mandatory emission cuts ofCO2.     However, on its own China is already contributing to the fight against climate change through a series of initiatives aimed at curbing carbon emissions, such as lowering internal energy consumption levels and launching traffic and transportation monitoring schemes.     "I don't agree with those who believe that China is responsible for global pollution," Pogutz said. "China is doing a lot, there's a direct public intervention on measures aimed at fighting climate change. The Chinese government has increased investments in technologies and infrastructures to boost energetic efficiency and cut CO2 emissions."     Luca Labella, a China analyst with Rome's International Studies Center (Cesi), remembered the numerous local green projects implemented in China such as Shanghai's LPG buses and the rural towns' biomass-fueled.     "China is open to climate change issues and solutions. However, in China climate change is not considered under a political perspective but a scientific one, focused on progress and research," he added.     According to Pogutz, China is set to have a role of leadership in the use of renewable energies and other green technologies.     "Today China is one of the greatest producer of solar panels and in the near future it could lead in the export of alternative energy technologies."     But it's not only a matter of strategic investments in green technologies. China's contribution to the global fight against climate change largely depends as well on its human resources. "Almost all PhD students in the U.S. come from China," he added. 

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WASHINGTON, June 10 (Xinhua) -- China's National People's Congress (NPC) and the U.S. House of Representatives have wrapped up their 10th meeting under a parliamentary exchange mechanism in Washington after having an in-depth exchange of views on bilateral ties, inter-parliamentary exchanges, global financial crisis, climate change and international and regional issues of mutual concern.     The meeting, held here on Tuesday, was co-chaired by Chairman Li Zhaoxing of the NPC Foreign Affairs Committee and Representative Joseph Crowley, chairman of the counterpart exchange mechanism in the House.     During the meeting, the Chinese side said that with growing common interests and greater opportunities of cooperation, China and the U.S. should further increase mutual trust and cooperation from strategic and long-term perspectives, respect and take care of each other's core interests, handle differences and sensitive issues with prudence, and ensure a healthy, stable growth of bilateral relationship.     The U.S. side reaffirmed the importance it has attached to the U.S.-China relationship and said that the House of Representatives will work to help the two countries tackle issues such as global financial crisis, climate change and energy safety through further exchanges and dialogues with NPC.     Both delegations agreed that the existing parliamentary exchange mechanism has become the most direct and effective platform for communications between the two sides and has played a positive role in deepening mutual understanding, building consensus and promoting cooperation.     The two sides also discussed the necessity for the two countries to strengthen coordination in macro economic and financial policies and how to cooperate in dealing with the climate change issue.     The Chinese side extended an invitation to the U.S. side on a visit to China in fall this year for the 11th meeting under the parliamentary exchange mechanism.

BEIJING, May 8 (Xinhua) -- China on Friday honored dozens of military organizations and individuals for their contribution to the nation's quake relief or scientific research work.     President and Chairman of the Central Military Commission Hu Jintao signed a decree awarding merits to 15 organizations and 28 individuals with the People's Liberation Army (PLA).     Three classes of merits were meted out in accordance with the receivers' contribution.     Ten units and individuals were cited for their relief efforts after the 8.0-magnitude earthquake struck southwestern China on May 12 last year, two for "remarkable troop building," five for "achievements in major scientific experiments," two for artist creations and the rest for achievements in scientific researches, according to the decree.     In a separate decree signed by Hu, four other soldiers and officers were awarded honorable titles as being "model examples" for their peers.     One of them, Meng Xiangbin, was given the honor posthumously as he was drowned while trying to save a suicidal woman from a river in eastern Zhejiang Province in 2007.

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