现代设计理论及园林设计的应用

在代表团全体会议上的讲话

BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- China will maintain its pro-active fiscal policy and moderately loose monetary policy to buoy the economy in 2010 as many uncertainties persisted at home and abroad, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said Sunday. Averting the trend of falling global demand remained difficult, Wen said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua.     "Economies of some countries are starting to pick up, but fluctuations are still possible," Wen said.     "China's economy has been on track for recovery. However, the economic performance and operations of enterprises still mainly rely on support from government's policies," Wen said.     "A consolidated recovery in the country's economy does not point to a complete revival and a full revival does not mean China's economy is developing in a sustainable way," Wen said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao smiles during an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency at Ziguangge building inside Zhongnanhai, an office compound of the Chinese central authorities at the heart of Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 27, 2009    "To withdraw macro-economic policies too early will likely ruin the efforts made before and reverse economic development," Wen said.     The government would maintain the stability and continuity of macro-economic policies while comprehensively watching the domestic and foreign economic situations, Wen said.     The State Council, or the Cabinet, announced on Nov. 5, 2008, that the government would shift the fiscal policy from "prudent to pro-active" and the monetary policy from "tight to moderately loose" to stimulate the economy by expanding domestic demand to offset a slump in exports.     The Cabinet also unveiled a 4-trillion-yuan (585.6 billion U.S. dollars) stimulus package the same day.     "We have stabilized economic growth and employment and maintained social stability over the past year," Wen said. "The government's economic stimulus package has proved effective."     China's economy grew 8.9 percent in the third quarter, the fastest rate in a year, after expanding by 7.9 percent in the second quarter and 6.1 percent in the first three months, boosted by the massive government investment and record bank lending.     The People's Bank of China, the central bank, scrapped lending limits of commercial banks in November last year.     In the first 11 months of this year, new bank loans hit 9.21 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.06 trillion yuan over the same period last year, far exceeding the full year target of 5 trillion yuan the government set in March.     The government pledged at the Central Economic Work Conference earlier this month that it would stick to the pro-active fiscal policy and moderately loose monetary policy in 2010 to sustain a recovery backed by the stimulus package.     The government would adjust macro-economic policies in line with the changing economic situation and study issues arising during implementation of such policies, Wen said.     China would gear more investment to social welfare, technical innovation and energy conservation and emission cuts next year, Wen said.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) on Wednesday slapped punitive penalties to imports of some 2.6 billion dollar oil country tubular goods (OCTG) from China, a move might escalate trade disputes between the two countries.     The ITC "has made affirmative determination in its final phase countervailing duty (CVD) investigation" concerning the oil pipes from China, said the ITC in a statement.     The trade agency has determined that "a U.S. industry is materially injured or threatened with material injury by reason of imports of certain oil country tubular goods from China that the U.S. Department Commerce has determined are subsidized," according to the statementThe U.S. Commerce Department made a final determination last month to impose duties between 10.36 percent and 15.78 percent on the pipes, which are mostly used in the oil and gas industries.     The ITC ruling paved the way for the imposition of duties.     The Commerce Department made its preliminary determination of CVD in September.     On Nov. 4, the Commerce also set preliminary antidumping (AD) duties on such imports from China, which is the biggest U.S. trade action against China.     Under that preliminary determination, Commerce set a 36.53 percent antidumping levy on OCTG from 37 Chinese companies, while some other Chinese companies will receive a preliminary dumping rate of 99.14 percent.     Commerce will make its final determination of antidumping duties early next year.     If Commerce makes an affirmative final determination, and the ITC makes an affirmative final determination that imports of oil tubular goods from China materially injures, or threaten material injury to, the domestic industry, Commerce will issue an antidumping duty order.     The antidumping and countervailing petition case was filed in April this year.     From 2006 to 2008, imports of OCTG from China increased 203 percent by value and amounted to an estimated 2.7 billion dollars in 2008, said the U.S. Commerce Department.     China strongly opposed the U.S. decision, saying that it is a protectionist move.     "China expressed strong dissatisfaction and is resolutely opposed to this," said China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) spokesman Yao Jian in a statement in September.     "This does not comply with WTO agreements on subsidies. The U.S. used an incorrect method to define and calculate the subsidies, which has resulted in an artificially high subsidy rate, hurting Chinese firms' interests," said Yao.     "We hope the United States can get rid of the bias and admit China's market economy status soon to tackle the double standards thoroughly and give Chinese enterprises equal and fair treatment," Yao also said last month.     The U.S. industries also expressed strong dissatisfaction with the trade case, saying such a protectionist move would hurt U.S. companies.     The trade restrictions would "hurt U.S. using industries by raising their costs and making sources of supply uncertain," Eugene Patrone, executive director of the Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition (CITAC) told Xinhua in September.     He noted that the tariffs would make oil and gas exploration and production be more expensive, projects be delayed, "which is against our national goal of being less dependent on imported energy."     The onset of the global recession appears to have set off an increase in trade disputes around the world.     Globally, new requests for protection from imports in the first half of 2009 are up 18.5 percent over the first half of 2008, according to the World Bank-sponsored Global Anti-dumping Database organized by Chad P. Bown, a Brandeis University economics professor.     That increase follows a 44 percent increase in new investigations in 2008.     And China has become the main target of the rising protectionism.     In another steel dispute, the U.S. Commerce Department said on Tuesday that it will impose antidumping tariffs of 14 percent to 145 percent on imports of 91 million dollar steel grating from China. A final determination will be made by the department in April 2010.

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BEIJING, Nov. 27 (Xinhua) -- Days after the United States announced to cut its carbon dioxide emissions by 17 percent from 2005 levels by 2020, China promised to slice carbon intensity in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent compared with 2005 levels.     The respective policy movements of both China and the U.S., the biggest two emitters in the world, won global attention, if not instant applause. The early signs of the concerted efforts could be sensed after the two countries, the biggest developed and developing economies, released a joint statement on Nov. 17 during U.S. President Barack Obama's first China visit.     The two sides, according to the joint statement, had a "constructive and fruitful dialogue" on the issue of climate change.     It also said that the two sides were determined, in accordance with their respective national conditions, to take important mitigation actions.     The policy announcements from the two countries came just as the international community was worried about a possible stalemate at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December in Copenhagen, Denmark.     Although not required by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol for quantitative greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions cut, China, defined by the United Nations as a developing country, still puts a drastic slash of its GHGs emissions in the coming ten years, even at cost of lowering its own economic development speed.     Economists estimated that China might double its current gross domestic product (GDP) by 2020. A 45-percent reduction of carbon emissions per unit of GDP means China would emit slightly more carbon dioxide than current levels.     At the same time, the Chinese government voluntarily set "the binding goal," which is to be incorporated into China's mid- and long-term national social and economic development plans.     It's much more than a developing nation is expected to offer, out of responsibility of and sincerity to addressing the common challenge faced by the international community.     Held by the UNFCCC accountable for contributing most of the total global carbon dioxide emissions, which were assumed to warm the planet and consequently result in natural disasters, many industrialized countries dodged their responsibilities of cutting emissions to levels that meet requirements of the Kyoto Protocol and the Bali Roadmap.     The United States, in spite of announcing a meaningful emissions cut of 17 percent, still lags far behind what the UNFCCC requires developed countries to behave.     In the Sino-U.S. joint statement, the two sides were committed to reach a legal agreement at the Copenhagen conference, which includes emissions reduction targets of developed countries and appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries on the basis of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.     The U.S. and China also agreed substantial financial assistance to developing countries on technology development, promotion and transfer, which was largely invalid in the past years.     As China takes the lead to exemplify how a developing country, with the world's biggest population, could do to a better future of the world, it is now the developed world's turn to show their sincere care for a greener Earth.

TORONTO, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- The emerging markets of China, India and Brazil will lead the way in global auto sales in 2010, a report said Tuesday.     The U.S. market, meanwhile, was expected to see a double-digit increase and will lead the growth of mature markets in 2010, said the global auto report by Canadian Scotiabank Economics.     The report said that a cyclical recovery in global auto sales began in the spring of 2009 and would gain momentum in 2010.     China became the world's largest auto market in 2009, surpassing purchases in the United States. Car sales in China surged by more than 40 percent to 7.3 million units this year thanks to government incentives.     The incentives included a reduction in sales tax from 10 percent to 5 percent for small fuel-efficient vehicles with engines less than 1.6 litres.     The incentives were expected to lift sales by 20 percent to nearly 9 million units in 2010, the report said.     "Global car sales will continue to be buoyed by the ongoing massive and synchronized monetary and fiscal stimulus, which has generated a global economic recovery, including improving auto lending across the globe," said Carlos Gomes, senior economist at Scotia Economics.     "In fact, we estimate that auto loans across major markets bottomed in the first quarter of 2009 and have improved consistently alongside a thawing in global credit markets and falling interest rates," he said.     According to the report, improving access to credit and a return to 3-percent growth in the world economy will enable 2010 car sales to recapture half of the ground lost over the past two years, and set the stage for record volumes in 2011.     Auto sales in the United States have reversed the downward trend, with volumes advancing above a year earlier since August alongside a nascent economic recovery.     The report also predicted that through a vehicle scrappage program to spur the market, auto sales in Canada would reach 1.53 million units in 2010, up from 1.45 million this year.     "On average, 7 percent of the Canadian fleet is replaced each year," Gomes said. "However, the scrappage rate slumped to less than 6 percent in 2009, as the global economic downturn prompted Canadians to tighten their wallets and continue to drive their aging vehicles.

ROME, Jan. 8 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Ambassador Sun Yuxi announced Chinese culture year in Italy at a press conference at the Chinese embassy here Friday.     The culture year, which follows Italian year in China in 2006, will officially start in September.     "The Chinese culture year in Italy is set to be a central obelisk supporting further exchange between the two countries. It is a crucial project on which both governments have long been working," said Sun.     The ambassador said nine Chinese central government departments and 22 local authorities would be involved in organizing more than100 events all over Italy, including performances of traditional Chinese musical bands, dances and operas. Chinese Ambassador to Italy Sun Yuxi (R) addresses a press conference about the Chinese cultural year to be held in Italy, in Rome Jan. 8, 2010    Meanwhile, business conferences will offer opportunities for important meetings between Chinese and Italian entrepreneurs and facilitate trade agreements.     The Italian government has nominated former culture minister Giuliano Urbani as coordinator of the organizing committee, which is composed of representatives from 13 Italian government ministries.     Sun said 2010, which marks the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Italy, is set to be a crucial year for political and economic ties.     China-Italy ties were "in the best period ever in the history of diplomatic relations," the ambassador said.     Cooperation at all levels had recently been enhanced and Italy was a crucial partner for China, he added.     The press conference was the first of a series preparing the ground for the Chinese culture year in Italy.     The ambassador is scheduled to give a press conference at the beginning of each month of this year.

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BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao hosted a red-carpet welcome ceremony for visiting U.S. President Barack Obama on Tuesday morning at the Great Hall of the People.     This is Obama' s first state visit to China since he assumed presidency in January.  Chinese President Hu Jintao holds a welcome ceremony for visiting U.S. President Barack Obama at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Nov. 17, 2009.Chinese President Hu Jintao holds a welcome ceremony for visiting U.S. President Barack Obama at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Nov. 17, 2009

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- China is making concrete steps in pushing forward with its low-carbon economy by curbing overcapacity on one hand and boosting strategic emerging industries on the other.     CURBING OVERCAPACITY     At a press conference held here on Wednesday, Li Ningning, a senior official from the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the country's top economic planner, said the overcapacity problem in a few industrial sectors such as coal chemical industry and vitamin C must be tackled.     China is the biggest producer of coal chemical industry. From January to November this year, China produced 314 million tons of coke, up 8.2 percent year on year, Li said.     In 2009, production capacity of coke expanded by 30 million tons while the export down 96 percent from a year earlier to 480,000 tons. Utilization rate of the capacity was 80 percent in 2008, he said.     "China is a country comparatively rich of coal while lack of oil and gas, the mature technology and low investment threshold in the coal chemical industry seems conducive to the investment," said Li.     Restructuring of the coal chemical industry involves in eliminating outdated coal chemical production capacity, supporting technological innovations and strengthening policy guidance, according to Yuan Longhua, an official from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.     Wang Jian, secretary general of China Society of Macroeconomics, had said in an article published by the Xinhua-run Outlook Weekly that 17 industries in China were faced with excessive capacity in 2008, rising from 11 in 2005. And the number of industries with excessive capacity is still rising, Wang added.     Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao told Xinhua on Sunday that overcapacity was a result of the long-existing problem of an imbalanced economic structure in China.     "To resolve the problem of overcapacity, the most important thing is to take economic, environmental, legal and, if necessary, administrative measures to eliminate backward capacity and, in particular, restrict the development of energy-consuming and polluting industries with excess capacity," Wen said.     BOOSTING LOW-EMISSION INDUSTRIES     Also at the press conference on Wednesday, Shi Lishan, another official with the NDRC, said the government needed to guide the development of high-tech industries such as wind and solar power equipment manufacturing as China rushed to build a low-carbon economy.     Earlier this month, Premier Wen had listed seven high-tech emerging industries as new energy, energy-saving and environmental protection, electric vehicles, new materials, information industry, new medicine and pharmacology, as well as biological breeding.     Development of emerging high-tech industries could not only bring about a low-carbon economy, but also help China tide over the financial crisis.     "The key to conquer the global economic crisis lies in people's wisdom and the power of science and technology," Wen said.     Boosting low-carbon technologies was crucial for the transformation of the nation's economy, Wen said.     New energy, energy-saving, environmental protection and electric vehicles industries were on the government's priorities among the seven emerging industries that needed particular attention.     By the end of 2008, China's energy-saving and environmental protection industries totalled 1.55 trillion yuan (227 billion U.S. dollars), accounting for 5.17 percent of the country's GDP, according to the NDRC.     He Bingguang, another NDRC official, forecast at a forum on the low-carbon economy held in Beijing last week that due to government policies the two industries would account for 7 to 8 percent of China's gross domestic product (GDP) by 2015.     In fact, financing of low-carbon industries has been part of the government's stimulus package.     Liu Mingkang, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, said that Chinese banks would continue to play positive roles in energy conservation and environmental protection, as well as helping adjusting the economy's structure.     "Banks should be part of the concerted efforts to make a low-carbon economy," he said at a financial forum here last week.     Liu said to control risks, banks should create more low-carbon financial products to benefit the "green economy".     Besides shutting down high emission enterprises, environmental experts have predicted increased investment on technological innovation, energy-saving and environmental protection, especially in the field of new energy.     China would stand on its own feet to develop low-carbon technologies, predicted Jin Jiaman, head of the Global Environmental Institute.     "China must develop in a low-carbon way not just to be part of the global trend but rather because it's an inevitable choice given the current economic conditions and future prospects," Jin said.

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GENEVA, Nov. 30 (Xinhua) -- China will maintain the stability of its Renminbi (RMB) exchange rate all along, which does good for the world economic recovery, Commerce Minister Chen Deming said on Monday.     China's exchange rate reform has continued smoothly, and the value of RMB has risen by some 20 percent against the U.S. dollar since 2005, Chen told reporters in Geneva, where he is attending a ministerial conference of the World Trade Organization.     Despite the impact of the global financial crisis and all kinds of other difficulties, the Chinese government has actively tried to boost domestic consumption and stimulate imports, Chen said. Visiting Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming attends a launching ceremony of China-Swiss joint study to examine the feasibility of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in Geneva, Switzerland, Nov. 30, 2009    Maintaining a relatively stable RMB exchange rate serves the need of China's economic development as well as the world's economic stability, he added.     According to the minister, China's foreign trade surplus is expected to drop by more than a third to 190 billion dollars this year from last year's 290 billion dollars.     Chen also urged the world's major reserve currencies to remain stable. He said the continuous depreciation of these currencies had caused much difficulty for the world economy, and that the attempts to transfer the difficulty to other countries are unjustifiable.

BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States have agreed to continue dialogue and cooperation in macroeconomic and financial policies as the recovery of the global economy remains unsteady, Chinese President Hu Jintao told the press here on Tuesday after his talks with visiting U.S. President Barack Obama.     Hu said he and President Obama exchanged views on the current global financial situation and held that given the positive signs of the recovering global economy, the foundation of it was far from solid.     "We both agreed to properly handle trade frictions between the two countries through negotiations on an equal basis, and to make concerted efforts to boost bilateral trade and economic ties in a healthy and steady way," said Hu.     "I stressed to President Obama that under the current situation, both China and the United States should oppose and resist protectionism in all forms in an even stronger stand," he said.