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China's private enterprises employed 120 million people by September this year, up 9.5 percent from the same month a year ago, said a senior official on Saturday."The private sector of the economy is a main avenue of employment and re-employment in China," said Zhong Youping, deputy minister of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce.Zhang made the remarks at a forum on Chinese and Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises held in Guangzhou of South China's Guangdong Province.Developing the private sector would help increase job opportunities and enable economic growth and employment to boost each other, said Zhang.Labor-intensive firms and the service sector could absorb a lot of laid-off workers and college graduates, he added.Last year China's industrial and commercial authorities helped 2.54 million unemployed people find jobs in the private sector and nearly half of the country's new graduates entered private firms.

Beijing has fined more than 50 people for spitting in the past week's holiday, a report said on Monday, as Beijing steps up a campaign to "civilize" the city before the 2008 Olympics. Officials also handed out more than 10,000 bags to tourists to try to keep them from littering as inspection teams fanned out across the city's tourist sites during the week-long Labor Day holiday, when hundreds of millions take to the roads. "The Olympics are coming, and we don't want to get disgraced," Xinhua news agency quoted travel guide Huang Xiaohui as saying. Guides had been instructed to remind tourists not to spit, litter or jump queues, and lead an "etiquette discussion" at the end of the tour, the report said, citing a circular issued by the China National Tourism Administration. China also has an official etiquette watchdog, the Spiritual Civilization Steering Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, which aims to curb uncivilized behavior. Chinese officials have expressed concern about rudeness and public spitting habits and launched campaigns to cultivate courtesy and civility, keen to ensure nothing mars Beijing's image during the Olympic Games. Among the initiatives, the 11th day of every month is now "voluntarily wait in line" day, designed to stamp out pushing and shoving in favor of orderly queues.

XI'AN -- Lawmakers in Northwest China's Shaanxi Province enacted a law on Saturday that is intended to improve protection of the Qinling Mountains, a habitat of endangered giant pandas.The law, which will take effect on March 1, is aimed at preserving biodiversity, preventing soil erosion (which averages 84 million tons a year) and promoting harmony between man and nature in the mountain range, which is a divide between China's north and south.It requires all future development projects in the Qinling Mountains to be assessed for their possible impact on the ecology and bans real estate projects and polluting industries in nature reserves, where the ecology is more vulnerable.The law also bans mining and resource exploration in nature reserves and forest parks.Local governments must ensure immediate demolition of existing projects that are potentially harmful to the ecology, it says.The Qinling range, which largely spans Shaanxi Province, covers more than 50,000 square kilometers.The range is home to approximately 300 Qinling pandas, a sub-species of giant pandas on the verge of extinction, and many other rare animals under state protection, such as golden monkeys, the red ibis and antelopes.

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BEIJING, March 10 -- Tianjin's mayor assured investors Sunday that the city's pilot program, allowing mainlanders to invest in Hong Kong-listed shares, is on track.     "There's a lot of preparation involved. Risk assessment and research is under way to open the door for mainlanders to invest in the Hong Kong stock market," Huang Xingguo, mayor of Tianjin, said Sunday.     "The project's going smoothly, but timing depends on central government approval. I can assure you that Tianjin's status as a pilot city (for financial reform) will not change," he said.     The scheme is in line with the nation's economic development and investor demand and will be an effective way to bring in conversion of the renminbi via capital accounts, Guo Qingping, chief of Bank of China's (BOC) Tianjin branch, said on the sidelines of yesterday's NPC session.     But authorities are cautious about rushing the program through, due to its complexity and risk.     "One risk is hot money flowing into and out of the mainland," Guo said.     BOC was originally expected to be the only financial institution providing the program, but Guo said the details are still being ironed out.     The trial scheme was announced in August last year as a way to diversify mainland investor channels. But it's been put on hold amid the unfolding US subprime crisis and global stock market uncertainty.     Preparation for the program includes payment systems, renminbi conversion, regulation changes as well as extensive risk assessment, Huang said.     Liu Mingkang, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, told China Daily earlier that no timetable has been set for the pilot scheme, which will allow mainlanders to invest directly in Hong Kong-listed shares. The regulator stressed that more research into the system is needed.     Meanwhile, a timetable is not yet available for Tianjin's new offshore financial center, which is also subject to further research, according to Guo from BOC.

There is growing nationwide debate over whether there is sufficient early intervention help available for people contemplating suicide.According to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, some 287,000 people take their own lives every year in China.The Ministry of Health (MOH) puts the number at 25 out of every 100,000 people.In addition, the Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center has estimated that between 2.5 million and 3.5 million people every year attempt to end their lives.Among them is a growing number of well-to-do professionals, which sparked the latest round of debate.Last month, Yu Hong, a 50-year-old doctor and teacher at Renmin University of China, took his life by jumping from a 10-story building in Beijing."Giving up life means a kind of courage and self-respect for me, even if it is considered a negative choice," Yu wrote in a blog before his death.Nie Zhenwei, head of the psychological counseling center at Beijing Normal University, told China Daily yesterday that it was a "misconception" that well-educated people with more wealth and social status were able to better cope with the pressures of everyday life."Having strived for wealth and a successful career, some of these people have in turn accumulated a certain amount of mental pressure," he said.Ashamed of their fragile mental state, many vulnerable people turn to self-harm instead of seeking help, he said."People feel they have to follow that path because of the pressure of work, relationships or health issues," Nie said.Zhang Yanping, vice-chief of the research center at Beijing Huilongguan Hospital said research into the incidence of suicide in China goes back only as far as 2000, making it hard to identify emerging trends.He told the Guangzhou Daily that China needed to update its research to determine whether the suicide rate is increasing.People are not getting appropriate treatment for depression and other mental illnesses, he said.Nie said: "We need more mental health experts and society as a whole should provide more channels for people to deal with psychological crises".

The website of the National Bureau of Corruption Prevention (NBCP) crashed on Tuesday, just hours after its launch, as droves of people logged on to complain about corruption among officials.The website (yfj.mos.gov.cn) was closed for most of the afternoon, Beijing Youth Daily reported.An NBCP official, who did not want to be named, confirmed the breakdown had occurred."Repairs were carried out soon after the website broke down and normal service has now been resumed, he told the Xinhua News Agency."The number of visitors was very large and beyond our expectations," he said.As of 4 pm yesterday, visitors had left 22 pages of messages in the website's guest book.While many of them referred to report specific cases of official corruption, these were redirected by the webmaster to other sites, such as that of the Ministry of Supervision.Other visitors made calls for the strengthening of the government's anti-corruption efforts, and comments about the need for special attention to be given to cases involving institutes of higher education and grassroots governments."The corruption problem in China is a fatal illness. Establishing more institutions will not solve the problem," one comment read.The enthusiasm that greeted the launch of the website reflects the growing frustration felt by the public toward corruption at government level, which has been accentuated by several high-profile cases in recent years.Several senior officials, including Qiu Xiaohua, the former director of the National Bureau of Statistics; Zheng Xiaoyu, the former head of the food and drug administration; and Chen Liangyu, the former Party head of Shanghai, have been found guilty of serious corruption.Last year, more than 90,000 officials were disciplined, according to official figures.The NBCP was set up on September 13, with Ma Wen, the Minister of Supervision, as its head.The bureau has been entrusted to collect and analyze information from the banking, land use, medicine and telecommunications sectors, among others, and to share it with prosecuting organs, courts and the police.It is not, however, involved in the investigation of individual cases.

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The central government has ordered coal firms to stop driving up prices and said they must honor their supply contracts with power plants in an effort to head off a power shortage.At the request of the National Development and Reform Commission, the China Coal Transportation and Distribution Association has threatened to cancel the license of any company that ignores the order to stabilize prices."Coal producers must strictly implement their contract prices for 2008 and must not take advantage of the current tight supply to raise prices as they like," the association said in a circular issued yesterday.Prices should be held at around the same level as at the end of last year, the circular said.The government is also banning all coal shipments other than those to power plants.The crackdown comes as the country faces a severe power shortage. Several power plants are struggling to secure the coal they need, while others are reducing their output rather than lose money as coal prices soar.Brownouts have already hit at least 13 provinces, and at its peak last week, nationwide demand outstripped supply by nearly 70 gigawatts, the People's Daily newspaper reported yesterday.About 80 percent of China's electricity is generated by burning coal.The crackdown on unsafe mines, high global demand, which pushed up prices and the cold snap that has closed roads and downed cables have added to the problem, an official from the State regulator said.

The four-day Beijing air quality exercise held earlier in the month was met with mixed reaction.Diverse opinions were expressed by private car owners and public transport users.During the four days, cars bearing odd and even license plates were allowed on the roads on alternate days to see what effect this would have on the reduction of air pollution.According to a survey by Beijing Youth Daily, 61.9 percent of car owners opposed the practice in a long run while 78.2 percent of public transport users lauded it. The survey covered 3,000 residents.On the positive side, the exercise between August 17 and 20, showed a reduction in haze and smoother traffic flow.On the negative side, it has sparked further debate on the number of vehicles in the capital. About 1,000 new cars are registered every day in the city.Car owners argued that smoother traffic comes at the expense of individuals' convenience."Does being a car owner mean you have limited rights? That would be cruel and inhuman," Wang Hongsheng, head of the Volkswagen Polo club in Beijing, said.Fifty-seven percent of car owners shared his opinion.Among non-drivers, 21.9 percent did not think the even-odd plate exercise was a reasonable, scientific way to gauge air quality."It is an arbitrary way of stripping car owners of their rights. They pay for the convenience," a respondent said.Apart from the purchase price, the cost of owning a car in Beijing ranges from 10,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan (,300 to ,900) a year, he said.The survey also showed 36 percent of car owners were in favor of "public transport if managed well"."People are fed up with the poor condition of buses, and the metro where people are packed like sardines," another said.On options to improve traffic conditions, 49.9 percent said efficiency and lowering public transport fares should top the government's agenda instead of restricting car-ownership.Twenty-six percent of respondents said more roads and bridges should be built to reduce congestion, 14.5 percent were in favor of more flexible parking fees in relation to localities, and 9.5 percent said the use of bicycles, and walking should be promoted.

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The head of the World Health Organization (WHO) Thursday warned of worsening health in the country's vast rural areas while praising the government for its commitment to improve healthcare in the countryside."The health indicators have failed to improve in pace with the economic indicators," said Margaret Chan when addressing a conference on rural primary healthcare in China."The health gap between rural and urban areas has grown even wider and health in parts of rural China is deteriorating."Medical costs are rising faster than the growth of per capita income in rural areas, she added.She said she appreciated the government's efforts and plans to build a medical system for all people, saying "when fair and accessible public health services become the clear targets of a country's public health policy, people's health will be improved".The WHO chief said she had noticed that the tasks on improving people's well-being in the report by Party chief Hu Jintao at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China included a basic medical insurance system for urban dwellers and a cooperative medical care system in rural areas.She said recent WHO research has found that diseases are the source of poverty for 30 to 50 percent of the rural population of 737 million.A growing number of rural people, especially the aged, are suffering from various diseases; however, few have access to decent healthcare, she told the conference.Chan criticized the practice of allowing healthcare services to be commercialized in rural area, warning that it will cause the patients deeper suffering.The government has pledged to provide its population with basic medical care by 2020.It is expanding medical care through the Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme, a plan under which subscribers are funded to the tune of 50 yuan (.4) per person - 20 yuan (.6) from the central government, 20 yuan from the local government and 10 yuan (.3) from the individual.Vice-Minister of Health Chen Xiaohong said nearly 85 percent of the country's rural area, or 2,429 counties, are participating in the plan.

NANJING - The legislature of the eastern province of  Jiangsu has amended the law to clearly define sexual harassment and allow complainants to sue.The Standing Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress on Thursday passed the revised Jiangsu Provincial Measures for Implementing China's Law on Protection of Women's Rights, saying "sexual harassment of women in the form of spoken and written language, images, electronic information and bodily gestures is prohibited." The measures allow those who claim that they have been harassed to report such cases to employers, authorities and the police, which must prevent or stop such behavior. Women can also sue those they contend harassed them.Although sexual harassment was included in an amendment of the national law in 2005, the legislation didn't clearly define harassment, which made it difficult to prove in court, said Wang Lasheng, vice chairman of the Legal Affairs Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress."A clear definition of the forms of sexual harassment will definitely help law enforcement and improve victims' awareness of self-protection," said Wang.Defining sexual harassment at the local level was a welcome attempt to supplement the national law, said Wang, adding that similar statutes have been passed in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Anhui provinces and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. These laws allow complainants to file claims or sue.