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BEIJING, Oct. 20 (Xinhua) -- China's top economic planning agency on Monday said it would raise the minimum purchasing price for wheat by as much as 15.3 percent starting next year.     The move by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) aims to boost rural income and grain output. The country, with a population of more than 1.3 billion, relies mainly on domestic production for food.     By hiking grain purchasing prices the NDRC hopes to motivate farmers to increase agricultural production.     The government's minimum purchasing price for white wheat next year will be 0.87 yuan (12.7 U.S. cents) per 500 grams, 13 percent higher than prices in 2008. In addition, prices for red and mixed wheat will be 0.83 yuan per 500 grams, up 15.3 percent.     The agency also pledged to further increase subsidies for agricultural production materials, machinery and crop seeds.     It will also increase commercial reserves of fertilizer to help ensure market supply and price stability.     The NDRC would like to expand China's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.     On Oct. 11, China's Ministry of Agriculture predicted an increase in grain output for the fifth consecutive year.     According to estimates from the State Grain Information Center, this year's grain output should reach 511.5 million tons, up 10 million tons from 2007.     The central government allocated 102.86 billion yuan (15.1 billion U.S. dollars) in agriculture subsidies this year, doubling the money from 2007.     The NDRC also plans to raise the minimum purchasing price for rice next year, although it did not give further details.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd on Sunday pledged joint efforts to expand bilateral cooperation at their meeting here.     The two leaders met on the sidelines of the Group of 20 (G20) summit on financial markets and the world economy.     Hu said China and Australia are witnessing healthy and rapid development of bilateral ties, with ever deepening mutual understanding and trust. Marked achievements have been secured in the mutually beneficial cooperation in trade, energy, environmental protection, technology, education, culture, law enforcement and tourism, he said. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) shakes hands with Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd during their meeting in Washington Nov. 16, 2008Bilateral trade is growing rapidly and negotiations on a free trade agreement are making steady progress, the Chinese president said.     Hu said both sides are maintaining coordination on major global issues like climate change and the current financial crisis, and have seen increasing consensus and cooperation.     He pointed out that China and Australia face unprecedented opportunities for deepening all-round bilateral cooperation in the face of many global challenges to the international community.     China is ready to work with Australia to keep high-level contacts, enhance exchanges and dialogue and deepen mutual trust and cooperation on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, Hu said.     Rudd said Australia hopes to elevate bilateral relations to the level of a strategic partnership.     Australia is willing to open its doors to Chinese investment in the energy and raw material sectors and expects China to provide more opportunities for Australian products and services to enter the Chinese market, he said.     Australia hopes to enhance high-level political dialogue with China in international organizations and international affairs, and strengthen bilateral and multilateral consultations and cooperation, Rudd said.     The Chinese president described the G20 summit in Washington asa success and urged all sides involved to make joint efforts to implement the agreements reached at the meeting.     He also called for strong measures to stop the financial crisis from spreading further and to restore confidence and market stability.     All sides involved should adjust their macroeconomic policy and make full use of monetary and fiscal measures to promote growth and avoid a global recession, he said.     There is a need to steadily push forward reforms of the international financial system to make it conducive to the stability of financial markets and economic growth, he said.     China has adopted a series of measures to promote growth and boost domestic demand, Hu said, adding that these measures, while promoting China's economic growth, will also help stabilize the world economy.     Hu also said the measures will provide new opportunities for Australian businesses and called on both sides to seize the opportunities to promote bilateral trade and economic ties.     Rudd praised China's contributions to the positive outcome of the G20 summit and said China's recently-announced economic stimulus package is good news for both the Chinese and the world economy.     He said China's policies during the Asian financial crisis in 1997 contributed to the economic recovery and growth of the region, and Australia sees favorably China's similar actions this time.     Rudd expressed confidence that the current difficulties in the world economy will be overcome, and he said Australia hopes both sides will strengthen cooperation to jointly contribute to global economic growth.     The United States is the first leg of President Hu's five-nation tour, which will also take him to Costa Rica, Cuba, Peru and Greece.     During his stay in Peru, he will attend the Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in Lima. 

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C front row) talks to students at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China, on Dec. 20, 2008. Wen arrived in the university's library and chatted with students there on Saturday after attending the closing ceremony of a year-long exchange program between Chinese and Japanese young people.     BEIJING, Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has pledged to university students that the government would seek to provide more jobs for graduates and "put the issue of graduate employment first."    "Your difficulties are my difficulties, and if you are worried, I am more worried than you," Wen told the students at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.     Wen made the remarks in a surprise visit on Saturday afternoon after attending the closing ceremony a year-long exchange program between Chinese and Japanese young people together with former Japanese Prime Minister Fukuda Yasuo.     He said the country is in a difficult period as the global financial crisis has continued affecting the country's real economy. The government has begun measures to sustain the economy, such as the four-trillion-yuan stimulus package and interests cuts.     "We are considering taking more measures at proper time. But currently we are most concerned about two issues, migrant workers returning home and employment for graduates," Wen said.     The financial crisis and China's slowing economic growth has forced 4 million migrant workers to return to their rural homes, according to a report from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.     The report also said as of the end of this year, 1.5 million graduates are likely to have failed to find jobs, and the country could see an ever tougher employment situation in 2009 as there will be about 6.1 million seeking jobs.     "We are also studying a package to guarantee jobs for graduates and it will kick in soon", Wen said. "The government will encourage major enterprises to increase recruits from graduates, seek more jobs in grassroots, offer opportunities of further study and skill training."     Scientific research projects conducted by companies, institutions and universities should recruit graduates, and companies must not lay off graduates even if times are hard, he added.     Wen reiterated "confidence", saying it is much more important than gold and currency.

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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

BEIJING, Nov. 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang said on Wednesday that increased environment protection efforts would help significantly to boost domestic demand and open new economic growth points. China would continue to make environmental protection a priority to benefit the people and ensure a stable economy, he told the annual meeting of the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED).     China faced difficult tasks in protecting its environment as itwas the world's biggest developing country with huge economic growth potential. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (C) attends the annual general meeting of China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 12, 2008.    He also pledged the country would coordinate economic, social resources and environmental development.     China would actively cooperate with other countries in environment protection technology, management and human resources, he said.     He said the country had decided to adopt active fiscal policies and moderately easy monetary policies in response to the global financial crisis and make other important adjustments to maintain economic growth.     Established in 1992, the CCICED is composed of leading experts and public figures from China and abroad, and is responsible for submitting proposals and advisory opinions to the Chinese government.

BEIJING, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- China's rural areas have the biggest potential in boosting domestic demand, said Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan during visits to the countryside concluded on Tuesday.     China should "especially place priority on tapping the rural market and developing the countryside" when spreading global financial crisis blunted the country's economic growth, said Wang.     He made the remarks when visiting towns, rural stores and farmers in central China's Henan Province on Monday and Tuesday.     More chain stores should be set up in the countryside to facilitate rural consumption, Wang said.     He also urged local officials to well implement policies to subsidize farmers' purchase of home appliances.     Financial institutions should develop more services targeting the need of farmers and rural enterprises, he said.     In its latest effort to boost rural consumption, China has decided to roll out a 13-percent subsidy nationwide for farmers who buy home appliances, starting from Feb. 1.     China has announced a 4 trillion-yuan (586 billion U.S. dollars) fiscal package to stimulate domestic demand.

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BEIJING, Nov. 4 -- China has set a timetable for its large aircraft plan, and the first homemade jumbo jet will take to the skies by no later than the start of the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (2015-20), a senior official said yesterday.     This is the first time a timetable for the trunk liner project has been made public, since the Commercial Aircraft Corp of China Ltd was set up in May. The company is in charge of the large plane's assembly, marketing and after-sales service with an initial investment of 19 billion yuan (2.8 billion U.S. dollars).     Miao Wei, vice-minister of industry and information technology, said at the China International Aviation & Aerospace Forum 2008 yesterday that China-made jumbo jets will be on the market between 2015 and 2020.     "We will finish the concept design and research on key technologies before 2010, and have the first plane roll off the production line before 2014," he said.     Even though the domestic passenger transport volume has been dropping recently amid the global economic slowdown, Miao said he had confidence in China's vast demand for new planes.     "In the next 10 years, China will need at least 1,000 new planes," he said.     The corporation is currently studying a feasibility plan for the large plane, Jin Zhuanglong, its general manager said yesterday.     Some sub-projects have begun, and the large airplane's technology scheme and suppliers will be decided soon, he said.     The corporation, which is also responsible for marketing the homemade regional jet ARJ21, will sign its first overseas order, worth about 0 million, with General Electric Co, at the seventh China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition, which opens today.     GE's leasing unit will sign a contract for 25 ARJ21-700s, which raises the company's backlog to 208, Chen Jin, general manager for marketing and sales, said.     Miao said the ARJ21-700 will enter service next year, while work on a 100-seat version, a business-jet model and a freighter will start next year.     China has also received 136 orders for the MA 60, a propeller-driven commuter plane, Miao said.     Xi'an Aircraft Industry Group Co, the maker of the plane, has already delivered 34, he said.     "The next few years will be an important period for China's aviation industry," he said.     The ministry will draft a mid-and-long-term plan for the aviation industry soon in order to coordinate the development of large planes, regional jets and helicopters, he said.     Lunar ambitions     Models of a soft-lander and a rover for the second phase of China's lunar exploration program will be displayed at the air show for the first time.     Designed and made by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CAST), the soft-lander, weighing 3,800 kg on top of the launch vehicle, is likely to be launched in 2013, a corporation source said yesterday.     The government has given the nod to the second phase of the lunar program to explore the surface of the moon, the corporation said.

BEIJING, Nov. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council, or the Cabinet, said on Wednesday that more efforts would be made to encourage enterprises to upgrade technology and engage in independent innovation.     It also said there would be policies to promote merger and acquisition among enterprises.     The policies were clinched at an executive meeting of the State Council, presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao. The meeting was held to discuss measures to address difficulties faced by enterprises and promote economic growth and deliberate plans to reform finished oil pricing mechanism and fuel taxes and fees.     According to the meeting, plans would be drawn up to help some key industries, including steel, auto, ship manufacturing, petrochemical, light industry, textile, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing and information technology.     The meeting urged banks to increase credit supply to help small and medium enterprises overcome difficulties.     To offset adverse global economic conditions, the State Council on Nov. 9 has announced a 4 trillion yuan (585.7 billion U.S. dollars) stimulus package to boost domestic demand. This will be combined with other boosting measures, such as loosening credit conditions and cutting taxes.     The huge amount of money will be spent over the next two years to finance programs in 10 major areas, such as low-income housing, rural infrastructure, water, electricity, transportation, the environment, technological innovation and rebuilding after several disasters, most notably the May 12 earthquake.     The State Council also discussed the reform plans of finished oil pricing mechanism and fuel tax and fees at the meeting. It decided to make public the two draft reform plans to solicit public advice.     According to the National Development and Reform Commission, the government has been studying a fuel tax to replace the current road tolls imposed upon vehicles.     The long-awaited fuel tax and fee reform was first proposed in 1994.     The State Council meeting also reached decisions to increase the storage of key materials and resources, accelerate development of the service industry and enhance measures to promote employment and social security.     More education and job training would be provided among the government's efforts to increase employment. This education and training should also cover the lay-off workers and rural laborers who returned from cities because of unemployment, according to the meeting.

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SHANGHAI, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said Friday he hoped the United States and China would deepen mutually beneficial financial interdependence.     Carter said the financial crisis enabled closer ties between the United States and China and he hoped China would continue to buy U.S. government debt.     Carter, in China to attend events to mark the 30th anniversary of Sino-U.S. diplomatic ties, conveyed President-elect Barack Obama's message of his resolve to maintain sound bilateral relations.     Although China and the U.S. had different cultures, histories and political systems, they had much more in common, said Carter at a symposium marking the anniversary.     The United States attached great importance to U.S.-China relations, especially in coping with the challenge of global climate change and the financial crisis, he said.     He believed bilateral relations would continue to develop and improve in the next 30 years.     In Shanghai, Carter also attended the opening of a photo exhibition which showcased the 30-year course of China-U.S. relations.     The former president also voiced his confidence in the strong U.S. participation in the Shanghai World Expo to be held in 2010.

LANZHOU, Jan. 18 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang urged the restoration of people's livelihood in the quake-hit regions during his visit in northwestern Gansu Province between Jan. 15 and Jan. 17.     Some areas of Gansu were shattered by the devastating May 12 earthquake centered in Wenchuan of neighboring Sichuan Province last year. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (R) visits poor villager Liao Zhenxiang in Hedong Village of Longnan City, in northwest China's Gansu Province, on Jan. 16, 2009. Li Keqiang, also a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Political Bureau, made an inspection tour in Gansu Province from Jan. 15 through 17. Efforts should be made to ensure that all people in the quake-hit regions had enough food to eat, had clothes to resist the cold and were well housed in the freezing winter, Li said when visiting quake-affected villagers.     More support should be given to speed up the building of permanent housing with a precondition that the quality must be guaranteed, he said.     "Housing construction can not only help quake-affected people restore life as soon as possible, but is also helpful to boost investment, consumption and economic growth," he said. Villager Zhao Danlin (2nd L, front) displays his relief coupon to Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (L, front) in the Longtou Village of Longnan City, in northwest China's Gansu Province, on Jan. 16, 2009He also called for quicker restoration of public facilities, which would serve the economic and social development in the quake-hit regions.     During his visit in Longfeng Village, Li talked with some farmers who had returned because of employment difficulty in cities.     There were lots of job opportunities in the country, he said. "You can go to the interior region if it is hard to find a job in the coastal area; you can shift to work in the service sector as job opportunities are limited in the industrial sector; you can also start your own business at your hometown without going outside."     Li urged governments and departments concerned to provide more training and guidance to help rural workers get a job and guarantee a stable increase in employment.