浅析肾纤维化发病机制及研究进展

又见陈仁海

BEIJING, Jan. 13 (Xinhua) -- The decision of the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the central bank, to increase the deposit reserve requirement ratio has drawn worldwide attention and fluctuations in global markets.     The PBOC decided on Tuesday to raise the deposit reserve requirement ratio by 0.5 percentage points as of Jan. 18, which analysts translated as a move to manage inflationary expectations and avoid a recurrence of the lending boom.     This was the first time that the PBOC adjusted the ratio of deposit that lenders are required to set aside since the end of 2008 and the first increase for the ratio since June 2008.     The PBOC cut the bank reserve requirement ratio four times in the second half of 2008 to stimulate growth as the global financial crisis started to weigh on the economy.     The adjustment of the reserve requirement ratio, without changing benchmark interest rates, indicated the central bank was targeting inflationary expectations instead of inflation, said Zhao Qingming, a senior researcher at the China Construction Bank.     Ma Jun, chief economist with Deutsche Bank (Great China), said that the rise in the reserve requirement ratio has ended the expansionary monetary policy and started a tightening cycle.     Global markets took a hit after the Chinese attempt to cool the world's fastest-growing major economy.     Chinese equities saw their sharpest dip in seven weeks on Wednesday after the central bank asked lenders to set aside more reserves as record bank lending last year ignited fears of inflation and asset bubbles.     The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index went down 3.09 percent, or 101.31points, to close at 3,172.66 points.     The Shenzhen Component Index lost 2.73 percent, or 364.69 points, to close at 13,016.56 points.     Hong Kong stocks shed 578.04 points, or 2.59 percent, to close at 21,748.60 on Wednesday.     The Hong Kong market was also dragged by overnight losses on the United States markets. The benchmark Hang Seng Index opened down 1.42 percent and widened its losses to 2.24 percent by lunch break, and further to 2.59 percent by market close.     South Korea's financial markets on Tuesday reacted as the Chinese central bank raised the deposit reserve requirement ratio, with the stock markets and foreign exchange rate plunging from the last close.     The benchmark Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) and the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (KOSDAQ) jointly marked a plunge of 27.23 points and 3.65 points, respectively, from the last close.     The report from China also affected the foreign exchange market, with the local currency also sliding against the U.S. dollar by 1.9 won.     The New Zealand share market also fell on Wednesday after the Chinese move.     The share market closed 0.43 percent lower with the benchmark NZSX-50 down 14.1 points at 3,276.2.     Canadian stocks fell for the second day, weighed down by a metal and mining sector that was hit by the Chinese central bank's decision to cool economic growth.     The S&P/TSX Composite Index declined 126.94 points, or 1.06 percent, to 11,820.18 on Tuesday. Earlier the index shed 173 points to 11, 774, the lowest level this year.     U.S. stocks retreated Tuesday, with S&P falling for the first time in 2010, as disappointing Alcoa fourth-quarter results and rising U.S. trade deficit cooled optimism for a strong earnings season and a sustainable economic recovery.     Crude tumbled the most in five weeks on concerns that demand from China, the world's second-largest oil consumer, will wane as the government moves to curb lending.     Benchmark crude for February delivery fell 1.73 dollars to settle at 80.79 dollars a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. It's the first time this year a barrel has closed below 81 dollars a barrel.     Meanwhile, analysts widely hold that the Chinese central bank's decision is to cast only a short-term, instead of mid-term, stroke on the domestic stock market, as the impact would largely be psychological.     Zhuang Jian, a senior economist with the Asian Development Bank, said the adjustment did not indicate a shift in the moderately easy monetary policy, but was an effort to control the pace of lending.     Through the reserve requirement ratio increase, the central bank intended to call for balanced lending at commercial banks, which would support economic growth while avoiding higher inflationary expectations, Zhuang said.

BEIJING, March 8 (Xinhua) -- China's Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang said here on Monday a lot of new and high technologies will be applied to the Shanghai World Expo, which is designed to highlight the theme of "Better City, Better Life" with the latest technologies.Clean energy will be used to supply electricity for the six-month exposition beginning May 1, said the minister at a press conference on the sidelines of the annual session of the country's top advisory body, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).The 5.8-square kilometer exposition site will become the venue for the largest-scale solar energy application project as 4.6-megawatt solar power generators will be put into operation, said Wan, who is also vice chairman of the CPPCC National Committee. Wan Gang, vice-chairperson of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), speaks during a news conference held by the Third Session of the 11th National Committee of the CPPCC on the 2010 Shanghai World Expo in Beijing, capital of China, March 8, 2010. A group of 34 3-megawatt wind power generating units are under construction and will supply clean energy for the event."After the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, the Shanghai Expo will continue to have a zero-emission of vehicles in the expo site with the use of various kinds of electricity-driven cars," said Wan.In the landmark four pavilions along the Central Axis of the expo site, LED lamps account for more than 80 percent of the lighting system, the minister said, adding that devices have been installed in the four permanent buildings to recover all rainwater.The minister, who was born in Shanghai in 1952, said he hoped the high technologies to be showed and applied during the exposition could be applied to the daily life of every one and help Shanghai boost industrial development and restructuring."As science workers, we will take the exposition as a good opportunity to learn the R&D ideas of other countries and the latest technologies from them," he said.

BEIJING, Feb. 27 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao is scheduled to chat with Internet users at 3 p.m. (Beijing Time) Saturday at two state news portals.The two major portals, www.gov.cn, of the central government, and www.xinhuanet.com, of the Xinhua News Agency, will jointly interview Premier Wen, a Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee.Netizens in China and abroad are invited to raise questions to Wen via the Development Forum (http://forum.xinhuanet.com), and the premier is expected to answer some of these questions.The on-line chat will be shown live in texts, pictures and videos at the two portals.

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BEIJING, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao urged China and Japan to strengthen exchange and cooperation Monday to boost mutual understanding and trust.Wen made the remarks while meeting with members of the fifth 21st Century Committee for China-Japan Friendship. The committee, an advisory panel to both nations' governments, convened a meeting in Beijing on Sunday to discuss various aspects of China-Japan relations and to provide suggestions to the two governments."The foundation, as well as the hopes for and future of China-Japan friendship, lies in the peoples of the two countries," Wen said.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R, front) meets with members attending the first meeting of the fifth 21st Century Committee for China-Japan Friendship in Beijing, capital of China, Feb. 8, 2010.Stressing that both sides need to take history as a mirror and face the future, Wen said China and Japan should handle relevant issues with the broad situation of Asia and the world in mind, enhance exchange and cooperation and increase mutual understanding and trust, so that the peoples of the two nations can become closer to each other and further develop bilateral ties.Hailing the committee as the bridge linking the two countries and the two peoples, Wen said he believed the committee would produce fruitful outcomes with the concerted efforts of the two parties.Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi (R) meets with Taizo Nishimuro, Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) president, and chief member of the Japan side of the first meeting of the fifth 21st Century Committee for China-Japan Friendship in Beijing Feb. 8, 2010China's Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi also met with the committee members.The committee met the press during their first meeting earlier Monday. During the meeting, Chinese chair of the panel Tang Jiaxuan dismissed the notion China's development meant acting "tough" towards others."The anxiety over China's being tough is groundless and unnecessary. What's crucial is the actual policies and moves China has taken," Tang said when asked if China will take "tougher" policies vis-a-vis Japan as the two countries' gap in national strength narrows.Tang said China's achievements over the last six decades have been notable and that the country's gap with Japan has narrowed.Still, he noted, China's per capita GDP is only 3,700 U.S. dollars, meaning it is not in the top 100 ranking of countries by the measure while Japan's per capita GDP is well over 40,000 U.S. dollars.China still has 150 million people living in poverty, according to the UN's standard of poverty of living on less than one U.S. dollar a day, Tang noted."That means China will remain a developing country for a long time into the future and needs to focus on its own development.""By tradition, China advocates harmonious relations with neighboring countries. China will stick to a peaceful development path and befriend the peoples of neighboring countries with diplomatic relations and build harmony in Asia and the world at large," Tang said.

CHENGDU, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- Two giant pandas in the United States will fly back home in the southwestern Chinese province of Sichuan next week, according to local officials.Tai Shan, a 4-and-a-half-year-old male panda born at the National Zoo of Washington D.C., and Mei Lan, a 3-year-old female panda born at Zoo Atlanta, will arrive in Chengdu Feb. 5 after a 14-hour journey from Washington.Experts from the two zoos will escort the two giant pandas back to China.Tai Shan, who was born in July 2005 and raised up in the National Zoo, will return to the Ya'an Bifeng Gorge Breeding Base of Wolong National Nature Reserve.Tai Shan was supposed to get back to China at the age of two. The Chinese government agreed to postpone its return twice in 2007 and 2009 at the request of the National Zoo, where millions of people visited him.Tai Shan's father Tian Tian, 13, and mother Mei Xiang, 12, are also due to return December next year.Mei Lan will return to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.Mei Lan was born in September 2006. Her parents Lun Lun and Yang Yang arrived in Atlanta in November 1999.There are now 13 Chinese giant pandas living in four zoos in the United States.Giant pandas, known for being sexually inactive, are among the world's most endangered animals.There are about 1,600 giant pandas living in China's wild, mostly in Sichuan and the northwestern provinces of Shaanxi and Gansu. Another 290 are in captive-breeding programs worldwide, mainly in China.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 27 (Xinhua) -- China remains the largest foreign holder of U.S. Treasury securities as at the end of December, the U.S. media reported on Saturday.The report quoted the new government data as saying that China held 894.8 billion dollars in Treasury securities at the end of December, more than 755 billion dollars that had been previously estimated.But the new report also showed China trimmed its holdings of U. S. debt by 34.2 billion U.S. dollars in December.The U.S. Treasury reported on Feb. 16 that Japan surpassed China as the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities in December. But the new estimate said Japan, now back in second place, held 765.7 billion dollars in December.Japan had been the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities until China gained that distinction in 2008."Purchase of Treasuries by China would reflect only purchases by an entity in China from an entity based in the U.S.," Stone & McCarthy Research Associates said in a recent client note."The Data would not pick up purchases done on behalf of Chinese investors by dealers in the U.K or Hong Kong, for example, nor would it pick up purchases of Treasuries by investors in China from investors based outside of the U.S.," it added.China defended its move to reduce its holdings of U.S. Treasury securities, saying the United States should take steps to promote confidence in U.S. dollar .Last week, when responding to questions on China's sale of U.S. Treasury securities in December, China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said the issue should be viewed from two perspectives.He said on the one hand, China always followed the principle of "ensuring safety, liquidity and good value" in managing its foreign exchange reserve. And when it came to how much and when China buys the bonds, the decision should be made taking into account the market and China's need, so as to realize rational deployment of China's foreign exchange property, he said.And on the other hand, the United States should take concrete steps to beef up the international market's confidence in the U.S. dollar, Qin said.The way to view the issue was similar to doing business, he said.

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HONG KONG, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- Plans of extensive and comprehensive inspection of roughly 4,000 buildings aged 50 years and over will be carried out in a month, said the website of the HK Special Administrative Regional government on Saturday after a building collapse incident."This is a comprehensive check across the territory of all the buildings of this age, which we believed are more or less of similar construction, which is reinforced concrete framed construction," said Secretary for Development, Carrie Lam, after inspecting the scene of the building collapse case in Ma Tau Wai Road Saturday.A five-story apartment building of more than 50 years old in Hung Hom, Hong Kong's Kowloon district, collapsed suddenly around 1:30 p.m. local time ( 0530 GMT) Friday afternoon. Four people were confirmed dead and two others injured."we are going to set up 40 teams of professional and technical staff to go out to various parts of Hong Kong, Kowloon and the New Territories to inspect these 4,000 buildings. The target is to complete these comprehensive inspection within a month. We will then follow up with the needed remedial action," she added.Carrie Lam also mentioned she was going to introduce into the Legislative Council a new piece of legislation concerning mandatory inspection of Hong Kong's buildings over 30 years old and also mandatory inspection of windows for buildings aged 10 years and over.

BEIJING, March 4 (Xinhua) -- The 11th Panchen Lama has made debut in China's political arena as a political advisor at the ongoing annual session of the National Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in Beijing."This is the first time for me to attend the CPPCC meeting as a new member, so I will learn from other members," he told Xinhua while joining a panel discussion of the religious circle of the CPPCC National Committee Thursday.A day earlier, he attended the opening meeting of the Third Session of the 11th CPPCC National Committee, the country's top political advisory body.During the two-hour panel discussion from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. Thursday, he took notes from time to time when other members spoke and sometimes exchanged a few words with others around him, but he did not take the floor.During the break of the panel discussion, many other members came to chat, take photos and shake hands with him, and he kept smiling in a amicable manner."I have shouldered the mission of safeguarding national unity and ethnic solidarity since I was enthroned (in 1995). Now, such a sense of responsibility is becoming even stronger," he told Xinhua.Tenpai Nyima, a CPPCC member from Tibet's Nyingchi Prefecture, said he felt very delighted to see the appearance of the 11th Panchen Lama, although he did not speak at the panel discussion."He is an outstanding leader of Tibetan Buddhism as well as our glory and pride," he said.The 11th Panchen Lama, Bainqen Erdini Qoigyijabu, one of the two most senior living Buddhas in Tibetan Buddhism, became a CPPCC member on Feb. 28. Earlier on Feb. 3, he was elected vice president of the Buddhist Association of China."Although he is young, he is mature and diligent, and he has increasingly profound Buddhist attainments and a growing popularity in Tibetan-inhabited regions," said Padma, a CPPCC member from northwestern Qinghai Province."I believe he can carry forward the fine tradition of the 10th Panchen Lama in loving the nation, the religion and the people, and in safeguarding the national unity and ethnic solidarity," he said.The 11th Panchen Lama, with the secular name Gyaincain Norbu, was born in February 1990 in Lhari County, in northern Tibet's Nagqu Prefecture.He was approved by the central government as the reincarnation of the 10th Panchen Lama in November 1995 after a lot-drawing ceremony among three candidates in the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa.Over the past years, he has given head-touching blesses to hundreds of thousands of believers, and ardently participated in public welfare activities.After the deadly riot broke out in the Tibet's regional capital of Lhasa on March 14, 2008, he strongly condemned the violence, saying that it ran counter to Buddhist tenets.He also presided over a prayer meeting in Beijing on May 21, 2008, in which he prayed for peace in Wenchuan in southwestern Sichuan Province and neighboring areas struck by an 8-magnitude on May 12.On March 28, 2009, he unexpectedly delivered a speech in English at the opening ceremony of the Second World Buddhist Forum in Wuxi City of eastern Jiangsu Province, winning applause and appreciation.In the speech, he used Buddhist sutras to give enlightenment to believers about how to deal with various threats facing modern society -- such as environmental degradation, wealth gap, financial crisis, terrorist attacks, and taught believers to do more deeds beneficial to others."He is very bright and becoming more and more knowledgeable. I believe he is capable of further promoting Buddhism," said Shingtsa Tenzinchodrak, a living Buddha from Tibet's Shannan Prefecture, also a deputy to the National People's Congress, the country's top legislature.To Kelsang Drokar, a villager from the Tarma Village in the suburbs of Lhasa, 11th Panchen Lama's new position as a CPPCC member made him and his fellow villagers very happy."We hope he can bring more blessings and benefits to our people of Tibetan ethnic group," he said.

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BEIJING, Jan. 15 (Xinhua) -- Minister of Public Security Meng Jianzhu told Chinese rescuers in Haiti via phone Friday night to make all-out efforts to save the eight buried Chinese policemen after they were located. Rescuers have decided on the location where the eight Chinese police officers were buried after a 7.3-magnitude quake in Haiti.     Liu Zhiqiang, director of China's Ministry of Public Security international cooperation department, told Xinhua that "various means are being used simultaneously" to search for the missing men. Rescuers have decided on the location where the eight Chinese police officers are buried after a 7.3-magnitude quake in Haiti    Four of the eight officers just arrived in Haiti Tuesday. They all serve in China's peacekeeping forces in Haiti.     A Chinese rescue team of more than 60 people left Beijing for the Caribbean island Wednesday evening along with 10 tonnes of food, equipment and medicines. Meng, also State Councilor, said via satellite phone to Chines erescue team in Haiti, "We must spare no efforts in rescuing the buried police officers."     He also passed on concern of China's top leadership on the safety of every member of the rescue team.

BEIJING, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- Principled consensus was reached between China, European Union Naval Force, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), China's Ministry of National Defense said on Friday.The consensus, outlining the shipping escort cooperation based on "areas of responsibility" in the Internationally Recommended Transit Corridor (IRTC), was approved Thursday at the the plenary meeting of the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia in New York, said a statement from the ministry.Previously, China had suggested cooperation be based on "areas of responsibility" under the UN Security Council resolutions while EU, NATO and CMF proposed coordination guidelines of the IRTC.China and the three parties conducted rounds of consultations at the contact group meeting, international coordination meeting in Beijing and the Shared Awareness and Deconfliction (SHADE) system meeting in Bahrain.The final principled consensus absorbed components of "areas of responsibility" in escort missions cooperation and the coordination guidelines of IRTC, showcasing concerted effort by all parties.China always takes a positive and open attitude towards international cooperation on shipping escorts, and would like to cooperate with countries and organizations in line with UN Security Council resolutions for peace and stability in the Gulf of Aden and Somalia waters, said the statement.