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BEIJING, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- Finance Minister Xie Xuren said Monday there would be growing difficulty balancing China's budget this year, and he urged officials to avoid unnecessary spending.     In a Lunar New Year greeting on the ministry's homepage, Xie said that the external and internal conditions affecting China's social and economic development in 2009 were "very severe" and more difficulties had to be overcome to achieve "steady and relatively fast" economic growth.     Xie said government funds should be used efficiently as the government carried out an active fiscal policy to support public investment while cutting taxes.     To stimulate the economy, the government has raised export tax rebates three times since July, increased farm subsidies and endedthe value-added tax for equipment purchases -- a move that's expected to reduce companies' tax bills by 120 billion yuan (about 17.4 billion U.S. dollars) a year.     Moreover, the threshold for individual income tax, which now stands at 2,000 yuan per month, is likely to rise.     Although 2008 fiscal revenue grew an estimated 19 percent from 2007 to some 6 trillion yuan, the economic slowdown, falling corporate profits and tax cuts drove down fiscal revenue in the second half of last year.     Last year, the economy grew 9 percent year-on-year, ending a five-year period of double-digit growth.     Xie said earlier this month that the fiscal decline might continue this year. The Finance Ministry has imposed tighter controls on the general administrative expenditure of local governments.     For example, local governments have been ordered to limit the year's spending on car purchases, meetings, catering and overseas travel to no more than the amounts spent last year.     Jiangxi Province has urged officials to avoid unnecessary travel and vowed to cut meeting outlays by 20 percent from the 2008 level, catering expenses by 10 percent, and international business travel costs by 10 percent.     Many local governments, meanwhile, said they would step up investment spending in 2008. Shaanxi Province, for example, said it planned to invest 40 billion yuan in education, job re-training, public sanitation and social security, up 21 percent from last year, while Henan Province will invest 40 billion yuan to raise living standards.     These and other local governments announced investment plans after the central government put together a 4-trillion-yuan stimulus package in response to ebbing growth.

Envoys from the six nations to the Korean Peninsular nuclear talks gather to hold talks in the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, on Dec. 8, 2008. A new round of the six-party talks is begun here Monday afternoon for a fresh round of talks on the denuclearization of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).     BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- Envoys from the six nations gathered in Beijing on Monday for a fresh round of talks on removing nuclear programs from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).     "I propose the talks focus on three issues," Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Wu Dawei said in his opening address late Monday afternoon.     "First, verification; secondly, implementation of the remaining second phase action plan; and thirdly the establishment of a peace and security mechanism in northeast Asia."     The talks, also involving the United States, Republic of Korea(ROK) Russia and Japan, got under way in Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in western Beijing.     "Since our last meeting in July, all parties have kept in close communication and consultation and registered some progress, which China deeply appreciated," Wu said.     Last week, chief U.S. envoy Christopher Hill and his DPRK counterpart, Kim Kye Gwan, met in Singapore. The talks were reported to be substantive, but the two parties failed to reach a deal on sampling of atomic materials.     "We should participate in the meeting with a flexible and pragmatic attitude. We need joint efforts to narrow differences and lay a solid foundation for promoting talks into next phase," Wu said.     The Chinese host also called on the six nations to continue to adhere to the principles of "word for word, action for action" and” phased implementation."     Monday's talk lasted about one hour, with the issue of verification topping the agenda.     "We discussed fuel oil, the issues of disablement schedule and verification," Hill told reporters at China World Hotel Monday night.     "On fuel oil and disablement, there were no really contentious issues," said Hill.     The difficulty lies in how to verify DPRK's nuclear program.     "The Chinese have some ideas on how to approach the issue. What China is trying to do now is to put together a draft and circulate something tomorrow(Tuesday)," Hill said.     "It has to do with the verification. The key element will be what we did in Pyongyang. As you know we want to see some further definitions of this."     Sunday night, the U.S. envoy said the objective of this round of talks was to produce a verification protocol and a clear road map of what parties need to do to complete the verification.     Under an agreement reached at the six-party talks in February 2007, the DPRK agreed to abandon all nuclear weapons and programs. It promised to declare all its nuclear programs and facilities by the end of 2007. In return, DPRK would get diplomatic and economic incentives.     The six parties agreed to a disarmament schedule in October 2007. The DPRK said it has slowed down that process because of sluggish economic compensation.     On Saturday, DPRK vowed to ignore Japan at the talks, citing Tokyo's refusal to send aid to the country as part of the agreement.     Before Monday's talks began, the Chinese delegation held a series of preliminary bilateral meetings with the other five parties.     Despite recent tensions, the DPRK and ROK delegations also held a rare bilateral meeting before the talks opened.     Launched in 2003, the six-party talks was a vice-minister level mechanism aimed at denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula. Chinese top nuclear negotiator and Vice Foreign Minister Wu Dawei (1st R, front) addresses a fresh round of talks on the denuclearization of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) in the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, on Dec. 8, 2008. (Xinhua/Wang Jianhua)

NEW YORK, Jan. 5 (Xinhua) -- The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)on Monday kicked off its trading session with a special ceremony marking the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States.     In a symbolic move, Stephen A. Orlins, president of the U.S. National Committee on U.S.-China Relations (NCUSCR), rang the market's Opening Bell. He was accompanied by Dr. Henry Kissinger, a key trailblazer and eyewitness for the normalization of U.S.- China relations.     The two countries formally established their diplomatic ties on Jan. 1, 1979.     Zhang Yesui, China's UN permanent representative, said the bilateral relations of China and United States is of great importance, not only to the two peoples, but also to the world peace and security, and the global economic development.     Dr. Kissinger, who visited China in 1971, said he is optimistic about the future of the bilateral relations of China and United States. "It is now a pillar of the international order. And peace and prosperity of the world depend closely on the Sino-U.S. relations," he said.     Talking on areas of further co-operation between the two countries, Dr. Kissinger said first of all China and United States should develop a common solution on how to overcome the current international financial and economic crisis, and develop a program of collaboration to tackle the issue.     And "on the key problems that exist in the world -- proliferation, energy, climate change, environment -- China and United States can be a key to a solution of these problems," he said, "So the strategic dialogues between China and United States should not only continue, but be reinforced and strengthened."     NCUSCR President Orlins called the NYSE celebrating ceremony "a real testimony, not only to the historical events, but also to how far we have come."     "When we established diplomatic relations exactly 30 years ago on January 1st, we could not have imagined that we would have Chinese companies listed on the NYSE, whose market capital is in excess of 800 billion U.S. dollars," Orlins said, "It is just remarkable."     Currently, there are 41 companies from Chinese mainland listed with NYSE, the premier U.S. listing venue for non-U.S. companies.     Duncan L. Niederauer, CEO of NYSE Euronext, told Xinhua that he has taken the relations with China as one of his most important initiatives during his years as chief executive. He also suggestedthe Chinese companies to "stay the course" and stick to the good business when dealing with the global financial crisis and economic downturn.     "There is always years like this in global markets where it is a very very tough ride. I think there are a lot of terrific companies in China. They either already listed or are in the queueto be listed, and we're gonna continue to support them through the ups and downs," Niederauer said, "I believe their fortunes will improve overtime and we just need a long-term outlook of it."     NYSE was the first foreign exchange to receive approval to open a representative office in China. After the opening of its Beijing office on Dec. 11, 2007, NYSE has signed memorandums of understanding with China's Dalian Commodity Exchange and Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange in co-operations in the futures and options markets.     Among the guests to the Monday ceremony were Peng Keyu, Chinese consul-general in New York, and Jan Berris, vice president of the NCUSCR. 

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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

LONDON, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao arrived here on Saturday for an official visit aimed at enhancing bilateral financial cooperation.     "Recent years have seen enhanced China-Britain comprehensive strategic partnership and fruitful cooperation in all areas." Wen said in a statement upon arrival.     "China successfully hosted the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and Britain will host the 2012 London Olympic Games. This offers us a new platform to deepen mutual understanding, enhance friendship and expand cooperation," said Wen. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) shakes hands with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown during the dinner Brown hosts for him at the British prime minister's official residence on the outskirts of London Jan. 31, 2009. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao arrived in London on Jan. 31 for a three-day visit to Britain    "In the context of the current complex and volatile international situation, China and Britain, two countries with major influence in the world, have broad common interests and a noble common mission in maintaining world peace, promoting common development, tackling global financial crisis and other fields," Wen said.     The premier said that he looked forward to having in-depth exchange of views with British leaders on regional and international issues of mutual interest, and extensive contact with the British people from all walks of life to explore ways to strengthen friendship and enhance mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) shakes hands with John Prescott, special representative of British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and former British deputy prime minister, at an airport in London Jan. 31, 2009. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao arrived in London on Jan. 31 for a three-day visit to Britain"I am confident that with the joint efforts of both side, China-Britain comprehensive strategic partnership will continue to grow from strength to strength, bringing benefits to our peoples and contributing to world peace and development," said Wen.     During his three-day visit, Wen will have broad contacts with people from political, business and financial circles of Britain. He will also deliver a speech at the University of Cambridge, according to the Chinese Foreign Ministry.     The trip is a return visit for British Prime Minister Gordon Brown's China tour early last year. It is also aimed at implementing the annual meeting mechanism of the two leaders.     Britain is the last leg of Wen's week-long European tour, which began Tuesday and has already taken him to Switzerland, Germany, the European Union (EU) headquarters in Brussels and Spain.

ATHENS, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao flew into Athens Monday for a state visit to Greece, which he said would be successful with the joint efforts by the Chinese side and the Greek side.     "In recent years, the China-Greece comprehensive strategic partnership has been consolidated continuously with increased exchanges and expanded cooperation in all sectors," said President Hu in a written speech issued upon his arrival at the airport.     He said that China attaches great importance to the development of its relations with Greece and will work together with the Greek side for the even better ties in the future. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R, front) is welcomed by Greek Prime Minister Costas Karamanlis upon his arrival in Athens, capital of Greece, on Nov. 24, 2008. Hu Jintao arrived in Athens Monday for a state visit.     The Chinese leader said that he is looking forward to in-depth exchange of views with Greek leaders on bilateral ties and other important issues.     "With the joint efforts of both sides, I believe, my current visit would be successful and would further boost the China-Greece comprehensive strategic partnership" he added.     Since China and Greece established diplomatic ties 36 years ago, bilateral relations have developed smoothly. In January 2006, the two countries agreed to forge a comprehensive strategic partnership.     Since then, the Sino-Greek relationship has entered a new development stage. The two countries have maintained frequent high-level exchanges, deepened mutual political trust, expanded economic and trade cooperation. In 2007, the bilateral two-way trade was recorded at 3.4 billion U.S. dollars, and in the first seven months of this year it reached 2.4 billion dollars.     In June this year, Greek President Karolos Papoulias visited China and had talks with President Hu. The two sides reached broad consensus on further expanding exchanges and cooperation in all areas and deepening China-Greece comprehensive strategic partnership.     President Hu, who arrived in Athens from the Peruvian capital of Lima, is on the last leg of a five-nation trip.     He has already attended the G20 summit on financial markets and the world economy in Washington and the Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in Lima, and paid state visits to Costa Rica, Cuba and Peru. Chinese President Hu Jintao and his wife Liu Yongqing arrive in Athens, capital of Greece, on Nov. 24, 2008. Hu Jintao arrived in Athens Monday for a state visit.

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BEIJING, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President and member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau Xi Jinping Friday conferred certificates on graduates of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee.     Xi, also a member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, heads the school.     Politburo member and director of the CPC Central Committee Organization Department Li Yuanchao and Ling Jihua, director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, both members of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, also attended the graduation ceremony.     The ceremony marked the graduation of 577 Party officials from the Central Party School and more than 2,600 graduates from the school's branches.     The Party School of the CPC Central Committee is the highest institution for training high- and middle-ranking party officials and Maxist theoreticians. The School's history dates back to the school of Marxism and Communism set up in March 1933.

BEIJING, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Saturday outlined a series of proposals for local governments to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).     Touring SMEs in the southern province of Guangdong, Wen said SMEs would play a crucial role in promoting economic growth, increasing fiscal revenue, providing jobs and maintaining social stability. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd L) inspects a medium-sized enterprise in Dongguan of south China's Guangdong Province, Nov. 14, 2008Wen visited SMEs in Shenzhen, Dongguan and Foshan cities, where he demanded local governments to readjust and improve policies to support the healthy and rapid growth of SMEs.     Measures should include easier access to credit extensions as well as preferential tax policies, and more loans to ensure SMEs grow faster in the fourth quarter.     Financing priority should be given to SMEs that met industrial and environmental protection standards and had technologies and markets, and should encourage firms to transform and restructure.     Wen said SMEs in Shenzhen performed better than those in other parts of the delta because they upgraded and innovated.     On Friday afternoon, while inspecting export-oriented, labor-intensive SMEs in Dongguan, he said the key to survival and growth was to develop new products, increase product ranges, improve quality and diversify markets.

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 BEIJING, Jan. 4 (Xinhua) -- Major Chinese lenders are expanding a preferential policy on house loan interests to cut the burden of the country's home buyers hit by the spreading financial crisis.     For individuals who bought houses on mortgage lending before Oct. 27, 2008 and have not paid off the loans, their credit interest rates could be reduced to 70 percent of the benchmark rate from the previous 85 percent, customer service staff of several banks told Xinhua on Sunday.     The discount will be available for Beijing, Shanghai and Qingdao clients of the China Construction Bank after their applications go through default record checks.     The Bank of China branch in Shanghai is also providing the preference but the Beijing branch keeps the rate unchanged.     The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the country's largest lender, and the Agricultural Bank of China are also making specific rules for similar rate discounts.     China's central bank announced in October it would reduce the lower limit of interest rates on individual house loans to 70 percent of the benchmark credit rate from 85 percent, starting from Oct. 27 last year.     The move was viewed as a stimulus to the flagging property market but it has been unclear whether house mortgage deals before that date can enjoy the favor.     Under the rate discount, home buyers with a 500,000-yuan (73,500 U.S. dollars) bank loan to be paid off within 20 years can save nearly 60,000 yuan of interest, analysts estimate.

BEIJING, Nov. 25 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has held in-depth talks with top economists and entrepreneurs to discuss the current economic situation and the country's macro controls amid government efforts to steer the economy out of trouble against a background of global turmoil.     The premier sat down with specialists in a wide range of fields from fiscal policy, finance and the corporate world, to agriculture, real estate and external economy, as well as company heads from big sectors such as petrochemical, telecommunications, auto, steel, nonferrous metal, machinery manufacturing, logistics and real estate, at the Zhongnanhai leadership compound in downtown Beijing on Nov. 20 and again on Nov. 25. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) holds in-depth talks with top economists to discuss the current economic situation and the country's macro controls amid government efforts to steer the economy out of trouble against a background of global turmoil in Beijing, capital of China Nov. 20, 2008. The premier held talks with specialists in a wide range of fields at the Zhongnanhai leadership compound in downtown Beijing on Nov. 20 and again on Nov. 25The economists and entrepreneurs gave their views on the current global economic and financial situation, the country's fiscal and monetary policies, issues concerning rural areas, farmers, and agriculture, real estate sector, financial sector, industrial restructuring, how to improve people's livelihoods, and the difficulties of some sectors and companies, and also offered some suggestions.     After listening to the economists and entrepreneurs. the premier said the complication of the ongoing global economy had brought along new difficulties to framing and adjusting macro policies.     He said it would be difficult to make the right decisions if one was to only "rely on the past experience", or "the wisdom of a few".     He said the government would listen to a wide range of opinions in a bid to become "more scientific and democratic" in decision-making, and improve the transparency of decision-making.     He added the government's earlier decision to adopt "active" fiscal and "moderately active" monetary policies in response to changing economic conditions had played an important role in bolstering the economy.     He asked the State Council and ministries to deliberate on suggestions offered by economists and entrepreneurs for further improvement of macro policies.     Vice premiers Li Keqiang, Hui Liangyu, Zhang Dejiang and Wang Qishan, and State Councilor Ma Kai were also present at the meetings.     Premier Wen and some vice premiers also inspected enterprises in regions across the country, including the eastern Shanghai Municipality and Zhejiang and Fujian provinces and central Hubei Province, during the interval of the two meetings. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) holds in-depth talks with entrepreneurs to discuss the current economic situation and the country's macro controls amid government efforts to steer the economy out of trouble against a background of global turmoil in Beijing, capital of China Nov. 25, 2008. The premier held talks with specialists in a wide range of fields at the Zhongnanhai leadership compound in downtown Beijing on Nov. 20 and again on Nov. 25